Proposed I have a home incubator differs from known designs especially easy to manufacture. There he and another important advantage: ventilation (Air) in an incubator is due to the difference in temperature inside the incubation chamber and the room in which it is installed. Warm air, heated at the bottom of the incubator from the bulbs, goes up - to the incubation chamber, where the pan with the eggs - and through the side vents выходит наружу. А приток свежего воздуха осуществляется через нижние вентиляционные отверстия.
В инкубатор I usually lay 34 or 48 goose eggs.
the temperature in the incubation chamber monitored temperature control and mercury electrocontact thermometer (range temperature measurement from 0 to +50 ° C). I work the thermostat is controlled by a mercury thermometer, set next to a thermometer (medical thermometer can not be used).
To maintain the desired humidity for incubation, in the middle of the incubator, I put a bowl of water. And to the metabolism inside the eggs proceeded uniformly, I take out of the incubation chamber three or four times a day, pan, put it on the table and flip the egg. Incubator at this time aired. At the time of breeding chicks incubator I installed in the kitchen, where the temperature usually ranges from 18-25 °. And this is just what you need.
AS MAKE THE INCUBATOR
You will need 4-6-mm plywood slats section of 25 mm x 30 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm, 10 and 25-30-mm nails, strip of leather or leatherette in size 450 x 150 mm, a slice of microporous rubber or dense foam, glue.
First you need to bring down the frame rails of the incubator. That he gets stronger, the attachment strips lubricate glue and then fasten with nails.
incubator should retain heat well, so the walls of his best made double, and the space between them filled sawdust, wood shavings or wool.
By the size of the frame cut out of plywood inner side, top and bottom walls. As soon as they mark the installation location Lampholders, grates, tray. Fasten the wall studs for small staffs. On the side walls mark the three vent holes 7 mm in diameter, at the bottom - four holes with a diameter of 7 mm, and the upper wall - two holes with a diameter of 20 mm. In the bottom and side walls of the hole until the drill, but at the top wall of the drill. 8 them, as you may have noticed in the figure are set thermometers: left control thermometer scale factor of 0,1-0,2 ° C, the right electrocontact. Tepmometry have a clearance to enter the openings in the lid, or an accidental push of the incubator can be broken. To thermometers are not sinking into the incubator, stick to the upper inner wall of the two pieces of microporous rubber (or foam) with pre-cut holes in them, 10-12 mm. Centers holes in the wall and pieces of rubber to match.
You will need 4-6-mm plywood slats section of 25 mm x 30 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm, 10 and 25-30-mm nails, strip of leather or leatherette in size 450 x 150 mm, a slice of microporous rubber or dense foam, glue.
First you need to bring down the frame rails of the incubator. That he gets stronger, the attachment strips lubricate glue and then fasten with nails.
incubator should retain heat well, so the walls of his best made double, and the space between them filled sawdust, wood shavings or wool.
By the size of the frame cut out of plywood inner side, top and bottom walls. As soon as they mark the installation location Lampholders, grates, tray. Fasten the wall studs for small staffs. On the side walls mark the three vent holes 7 mm in diameter, at the bottom - four holes with a diameter of 7 mm, and the upper wall - two holes with a diameter of 20 mm. In the bottom and side walls of the hole until the drill, but at the top wall of the drill. 8 them, as you may have noticed in the figure are set thermometers: left control thermometer scale factor of 0,1-0,2 ° C, the right electrocontact. Tepmometry have a clearance to enter the openings in the lid, or an accidental push of the incubator can be broken. To thermometers are not sinking into the incubator, stick to the upper inner wall of the two pieces of microporous rubber (or foam) with pre-cut holes in them, 10-12 mm. Centers holes in the wall and pieces of rubber to match.
heat source in the incubation chamber, as you already know, are the four elektropampochki at 60 watts each. Each other, I connect them in parallel, and the network has included a thermostat. Wiring, I suggest you hide inside the walls, so long as housing not sewn up with plywood to mount the camera inside Lampholders, connect them by wires and power cord is output through the rear wall.
Now you can sew plywood frame of the incubator. Start with the side walls.
Recall that the space between the inner and outer wall must be filled with sawdust, wood shavings or wool. And one more detail I would like to draw your attention to: the top of the incubator - where the holes - the sidewalls single. Before you sew the top and bottom incubator, drill the workpieces vents and holes for the thermometers. Inside the bottom of the incubator obkleyte flannel or other warm cloth. Do not forget to leave open the vents.
front wall incubator is also double - with sawdust inside. It consists of three parts: the top (with window), doors, and bottom.
To see how the process of incubation, to the window. On my incubator is mounted on top of the front wall. I attached the glass from inside the young studs and the outside covered it with a lid. And that cover is not sinking into the window, outside of its wall made an inch wider than the inside.
door should fit inside the body to enter the incubator, or insulated incubation chamber will compromised. Go to the front wall it is attached a strip of leatherette. The top is closed for constipation.
Housing incubator ready, now it's up to interior design. Lampholders you have already installed, it remains to knock down the tray and grill and strengthen them in the chamber.
Tray bring down the thickness of the boards 10-12 mm and 6 mm plywood. Joints glue and attach with nails. I cover the bottom tray of wood shavings or chopped straw. To make the tray can be removed from the incubator, secure the side wall guides. Grating for bowls with water bring down from the rails section 25 mm x 30 mm.
few words on the electronic side of the incubator. To regulate temperature in the incubator I use the thermostat UTR, U2-1R20 (Universal), released Riga pilot plant Latvenergo in 1975. It was sold in a set with a mercury thermometer electrocontact.
for the independent producer thermostat recommend using a similar scheme. This scheme, I also tried to work. As the rectifier was used from the power supply electronic equipment for 12 V, mercurial electrocontact thermometer I bought at the store medical equipment.
In another embodiment, the thermometer can be connected in parallel with a spark arrester on DC current voltage of 9.12 V (see diagram). DC spark arrester consists of a series-connected resistance 0,5-1 Ohm and a capacitor 0,01-0,02 microfarad relay must operate from 9 V or 12 V, respectively, and its secondary contacts should be calculated on the current no less than two amps.
Here, perhaps, all about making incubator "But talking about the incubator should not be considered complete without telling about the regime in which the incubation takes place.
(incubation mode - a combination of conditions that are necessary to establish and maintain an incubator for normal embryonic development egg.)
INCUBATION MODE
in my incubator can output of birds of different form. And when combined output recommend laying eggs for incubation in time to tilt all the chicks started in one day then the mode of incubation will be the same. Incubation periods depend on the type of bird. Thus, the incubation of eggs takes 20-21 days, duck and turkey - 25 - 28, goose - 28-31. I'll tell you about the mode of incubation for the goose eggs (many of you know about the chicken).
temperature, first seventeen days, the temperature must be at least 37,7-37,8 ° C. C 18 th and 27 th day of incubation - 37,5 ° C. From the 28 th day to the end of the withdrawal - 36-36,5 ° C.
VENTILATION. For the first seven days I will leave open one by one (middle) top vent on each side, with the 8 th to 27 th day - two (extreme) upper holes (average for this time of cork). With 28 days to open a can All three holes
with. each side.
lower vents should be open all the time - during the whole incubation period. Only if the temperature in the room where the incubator is set to fall (usually it happens at night) is below 15 ° C, stoppered two lower vents, For example, the extreme.
HUMIDITY. From 1 st to 17 th day of incubation on the grids, I put two tablespoons deep bowl (aluminum) with water. Water can be and pour into another container, but on condition that the surface of evaporation is about 300 cm2. From 18 th to 27 th day to the bottom of the incubator, I put the third bowl of water, and with a 28-day and before the end of the output - the fourth. Every day I watch that was water in bowls. Better to use boiled water, unheated.
Turning COOL AND EGGS, before laying eggs in the incubator I mark them with four sides with a pencil triangle, circle, square and cross. And then follow that every time you turn the all eggs in the tray were located one of the labels up - it avoids confusion in the work. Eggs are laid horizontally in the tray.
In the first seven days, I turn to three or four times a day, each time alternating the tags. My hands thoroughly, take out the tray from the incubator, put it on the table and turn the eggs at 90 °. From 8 th to 17 th day, once a day (morning, flip the eggs to 180 °, and in the remaining days - only 90)
To vyznat strong cooling eggs, in the first seven days of work needed quickly in the future's turnover eggs mozhyao bit slower, but in the past seven Dawnay naklevom before - this time the temperature exceeds the temperature of eggs in the incubation chamber at 3-4 degrees and the eggs seem to be hot to the touch - I'm leaving them on the table after turning for another 5-10 minutes to ensure that they are cooled down to about 25 ° C. The door incubator at this time disguised to keep it appropriate temperature and humidity. With the advent of nakleva - to 28-th day - turning, and cooling the eggs stopped.
VYZOD YOUNG. On the 28 th and 31 th day happens slope and output of goslings. At this time, comes the most crucial moment for the young and his parents. " Output of goslings from the shell is not as fast as in chickens. It may take up to two days. Therefore, we must exercise maximum caution to premature intervention does not ruin the already matured fetus. Help is needed when the output Gusenkov lasted for a longer period. This may be the case if it accrued to the head or neck to the egg shells. Then I do so, break off small pieces of shell from the top, but in any case not completely take out the chick out of it, not to tear the choroid (Allantois) and do not cause bleeding.
Out of the shell young obsushivaetsya for 2-3 hours immediately in the incubation chamber and then 5-6 hours I transfer it to fade out the camera - at the bottom of the incubator. Then I transplanted chicks in a separate box heated bulbs, and a 7 - day 8, with good Weather releasing onto the street. Incubator purged from the shell and down, my weak bleach solution or bleach and dry.
how to select EGGS Incubation
those who first decided to start the incubation, we must know that success in work depends on the quality and shape of eggs, which, in turn, depend on the terms and conditions of storage, and feeding of adult birds, the ratio between males and females in the herd, age of birds.
Eggs, selected Incubation should be among the sneeze sizes, have a normal (egg) shape. Large or small eggs, and round, long or flattened at the sides do not fit. Shell eggs in selected must be relatively large and fragile, with no cracks, roughness, or large quantities of lime build-up. Not suitable heavily soiled or stained with watery blue eggs.
eggs for incubation should be kept in a cool, clean place at a temperature of 12.8 C, daily their turning. Wash them and can not store more than ten days, too, as long-term storage affects the hatching chicks. In fresh eggs shells has a matte finish, while it gets stale marble shine.
OVOSKOP and how to use
for the selection of eggs, and later to control the development of the embryo, I use a special device - ovoskop. You can make it yourself. In the cylinder made of cardboard or tin, cut side hole on an egg shaped insert inside light bulbs. The device is ready.
When candling eggs, pledged in a dark room will be visible well hidden cracks the shell, double yolk or a large air chamber on the blunt end of egg (Puga). These eggs are not suitable for incubation.
have goose eggs on the 2-3rd day of incubation will visible when candling the embryo in the form of a dark spot, located always at the top, if we consider egg in a horizontal position. On the eighth day of incubation, the embryo and its circulatory system closes a whole egg yolk (egg browsing in an upright position, blunt end upwards). Not fertilized eggs by this date will remain transparent. They should be removed from the incubator.
On the 15 th day of incubation, the embryo fills almost all of the egg. Its vascular Shell (allantois) are well developed, envelops the whole protein and closes on the sharp end of the egg. At the 28-day embryo fills the whole egg. Air chamber is enlarged, has a sinuous border. When you turn the egg liquid is not poured into it. One can see the movement of the fetus. In the dead embryos pugi smooth boundary.
Much destruction of embryos in the first days of incubation, an indication of poor selection of eggs (use stale or defects of the shell eggs), as well as the incorrect ratio of males and females in the herd according to age, number. High mortality rates in the second half of incubation spoke about the biological inferiority of eggs that can be caused by improper feeding of birds.
X. Kirsanov, Drawings N. Kirsanov. Magazine Junior Technician.
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